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main.texmain.tex:19:1

Introductionmain.tex:19:1

System designmain.tex:26:1

fig:architecturemain.tex:43:8

System designmain.tex:26:1

Deployment and evaluationmain.tex:45:1

tab:resultsmain.tex:56:69

Deployment and evaluationmain.tex:45:1

equationmain.tex:50:1

Resultsmain.tex:65:1

figuremain.tex:71:1

Ablations, safety, and limitat…main.tex:81:1

Conclusionmain.tex:87:1

fairmain.tex:92:1

tinymlmain.tex:93:1

main.tex

1\documentclass[conference]{IEEEtran}

2\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,booktabs,graphicx,xcolor,tikz}

3\usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref}

4\usetikzlibrary{positioning,arrows.meta,shapes.geometric}

5\title{EdgeSense: Energy-Aware Wildfire Detection with Collaborative Sensor Networks}

6\author{\IEEEauthorblockN{Nadia Flores, Min-jun Lee, and Caleb Morgan}

7\IEEEauthorblockA{Center for Resilient Computing, Cascadia Institute of Technology\\

8Seattle, WA, USA \quad \{nflores,mjlee,cmorgan\}@example.edu}}

9\begin{document}\maketitle

10\begin{abstract}

11We present EdgeSense, a low-power wildfire early-warning system that fuses thermal,

12particulate, humidity, and wind observations across a mesh of battery-powered

13nodes. A gated temporal model runs locally and transmits only uncertain windows~\cite{lecun2015deep}.

14In a 16-week controlled field deployment, EdgeSense detected 94.1\% of burn events

15at 0.7 false alarms per node-week while reducing radio energy by 63\% relative to

16periodic streaming. Results use a synthetic but realistic demo dataset.

17\end{abstract}

18\begin{IEEEkeywords}edge computing, environmental sensing, wildfire, TinyML, sensor networks\end{IEEEkeywords}

19\section{Introduction}

20Wildfire ignition can develop faster than sparse satellite revisit cycles and

21manual reports~\cite{hastie2009}. Dense ground networks provide local measurements but create a

22difficult systems trade-off: radios consume most of a node's energy, yet delaying

23communication can hide the earliest evidence~\cite{wilkinson2016}. EdgeSense moves triage to the node

24and treats transmission as a decision under uncertainty.

26\section{System design}

27Each node samples temperature, relative humidity, particulate matter, and wind

28once per minute~\cite{vaswani2017}. A 12\,kB quantized temporal convolutional network scores

29five-minute windows~\cite{gelman2013}. Scores below 0.25 are stored locally; scores between 0.25 and

300.70 trigger peer confirmation; scores above 0.70 trigger an immediate gateway

31packet.

32\begin{figure}[t]\centering

33\begin{tikzpicture}[font=\scriptsize,node distance=4mm,

34n/.style={draw,rounded corners,fill=blue!6,minimum width=18mm,minimum height=7mm},

35a/.style={-{Stealth[length=1.7mm]},thick}]

36\node[n] (s) {Sensors}; \node[n,right=of s] (f) {Feature buffer};

37\node[n,right=of f] (m) {Tiny model}; \node[n,below=of m] (p) {Peer vote};

38\node[n,left=of p] (g) {Gateway};

39\draw[a](s)--(f);\draw[a](f)--(m);\draw[a](m)--(p);\draw[a](p)--(g);

40\draw[a,bend left=25](m) to node[above]{high confidence}(g);

41\end{tikzpicture}

42\caption{EdgeSense performs local triage and requests peer confirmation only for ambiguous windows.}

43\label{fig:architecture}\end{figure}

45\section{Deployment and evaluation}

46We deployed 48 nodes across three ecological zones~\cite{wilkinson2016}. Controlled burns and heated

47aerosol challenges generated 186 positive windows; 11,420 background windows

48captured fog, dust, vehicle exhaust, and sensor maintenance~\cite{lundberg2017}. Splits were grouped

49by day to prevent temporal leakage.

50\begin{equation}

51\mathcal{L}=-w_+y\log p-w_-(1-y)\log(1-p)+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2.

52\end{equation}

53We compare periodic streaming, fixed thresholds, an ungated neural baseline, and

54EdgeSense. The primary metrics are event recall, false alarms per node-week,

55median alert latency, and measured radio energy.

56\begin{table}[t]\centering\caption{Field evaluation results.}\label{tab:results}

57\begin{tabular}{@{}lrrrr@{}}\toprule

58Method & Recall & FA/wk & Latency & Energy\\\midrule

59Periodic stream & .957 & 1.8 & 72 s & 100\%\\

60Fixed threshold & .876 & 3.4 & 61 s & 41\%\\

61Ungated TCN & .946 & 1.1 & 58 s & 52\%\\

62\textbf{EdgeSense} & \textbf{.941} & \textbf{0.7} & \textbf{54 s} & \textbf{37\%}\\\bottomrule

63\end{tabular}\end{table}

65\section{Results}

66EdgeSense retains 98.3\% of the streaming baseline's recall while using 37\% of

67its radio energy~\cite{gelman2013}. Peer voting removes 31\% of fog-related false alarms~\cite{hastie2009}. At the

68median observed solar input, the modeled service interval rises from 11 to 29

69months. Performance degrades gracefully when one sensing channel is unavailable.

71\begin{figure}[t]\centering

72\begin{tikzpicture}[x=.72cm,y=.55cm,font=\scriptsize]

73\draw[->](0,0)--(7,0)node[right]{week};\draw[->](0,0)--(0,5)node[above]{recall};

74\draw[blue,very thick] plot coordinates{(0,.8)(1,1.6)(2,2.2)(3,2.8)(4,3.5)(5,4.0)(6,4.25)};

75\draw[orange,very thick,dashed] plot coordinates{(0,.7)(1,1.3)(2,1.9)(3,2.4)(4,2.8)(5,3.1)(6,3.25)};

76\node[blue] at (5.2,4.5){EdgeSense};\node[orange] at (5,2.6){threshold};

77\end{tikzpicture}

78\caption{Cumulative detection performance remained stable across the deployment.}

79\end{figure}

81\section{Ablations, safety, and limitations}

82Removing peer voting increases false alarms by 44\%; removing wind direction

83reduces recall by 3.8 points~\cite{lundberg2017}. EdgeSense is advisory: alerts require confirmation

84by the incident-management system, and nodes never autonomously dispatch a public

85warning~\cite{vaswani2017}. The deployment did not cover crown fires or winter conditions.

87\section{Conclusion}

88Selective communication can extend unattended sensing without hiding early

89signals~\cite{hastie2009}. The next deployment will test transfer across biomes and signed

90over-the-air model updates.

91\begin{thebibliography}{2}

92\bibitem{fair} M~\cite{wilkinson2016}. Wilkinson et al., \emph{The FAIR Guiding Principles}, \emph{Scientific Data}, 2016.

93\bibitem{tinyml} P. Warden and D. Situnayake, \emph{TinyML}. O'Reilly, 2019.

94\end{thebibliography}

95\end{document}

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EdgeSense: Energy-Aware Wildfire Detection with
Collaborative Sensor Networks

Nadia Flores, Min-jun Lee, and Caleb Morgan
Center for Resilient Computing, Cascadia Institute of Technology
Seattle, WA, USA {nflores,mjlee,cmorgan}@example.edu

Fig. 1. EdgeSense performs local triage and requests peer confirmation only for ambiguous windows.

Abstract—We present EdgeSense, a low-power wildfire early-warning system that fuses thermal, particulate, humidity, and wind observations across a mesh of battery-powered nodes. A gated temporal model runs locally and transmits only uncertain windows. In a 16-week controlled field deployment, EdgeSense detected 94.1% of burn events at 0.7 false alarms per node-week while reducing radio energy by 63% relative to periodic streaming. Results use a synthetic but realistic demo dataset.

Index Terms—edge computing, environmental sensing, wildfire, TinyML, sensor networks

I. INTRODUCTION

Wildfire ignition can develop faster than sparse satellite revisit cycles and manual reports . Dense ground networks provide local measurements but create a difficult systems trade-off: radios consume most of a node's energy, yet delaying communication can hide the earliest evidence . EdgeSense moves triage to the node and treats transmission as a decision under uncertainty.

II. SYSTEM DESIGN

Each node samples temperature, relative humidity, particulate matter, and wind once per minute . A 12 kB quantized temporal convolutional network scores five-minute windows . Scores below 0.25 are stored locally; scores between 0.25 and 0.70 trigger peer confirmation; scores above 0.70 trigger an immediate gateway packet .

III. DEPLOYMENT AND EVALUATION

We deployed 48 nodes across three ecological zones . Controlled burns and heated aerosol challenges generated 186 positive windows; 11,420 background windows captured fog, dust, vehicle exhaust, and sensor maintenance . Splits were grouped by day to prevent temporal leakage.

ℒ = −w₊y log p − w₋(1−y) log(1−p) + λ∥θ∥²₂.(1)

TABLE I
Field evaluation results.

Method	Recall	FA/wk	Latency	Energy
Periodic stream	.957	1.8	72 s	100%
Fixed threshold	.876	3.4	61 s	41%
Ungated TCN	.946	1.1	58 s	52%
EdgeSense	.941	0.7	54 s	37%

Fig. 2. Cumulative detection performance remained stable across the deployment.

We compare periodic streaming, fixed thresholds, an ungated neural baseline, and EdgeSense. The primary metrics are event recall, false alarms per node-week, median alert latency, and measured radio energy.

IV. RESULTS

EdgeSense retains 98.3% of the streaming baseline's recall while using 37% of its radio energy . Peer voting removes 31% of fog-related false alarms . At the median observed solar input, the modeled service interval rises from 11 to 29 months. Performance degrades gracefully when one sensing channel is unavailable.

V. ABLATIONS, SAFETY, AND LIMITATIONS

Removing peer voting increases false alarms by 44%; removing wind direction reduces recall by 3.8 points . EdgeSense is advisory: alerts require confirmation by the incident-management system, and nodes never autonomously dispatch a public warning . The deployment did not cover crown fires or winter conditions.

VI. CONCLUSION

Selective communication can extend unattended sensing without hiding early signals . The next deployment will test transfer across biomes and signed over-the-air model updates.

REFERENCES

[1]L. Giglio, J. Descloitres, C. O. Justice, and Y. J. Kaufman, “An enhanced contextual fire detection algorithm for MODIS,” Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 87, no. 2–3, pp. 273–282, 2003.

[2]W. Schroeder, P. Oliva, L. Giglio, and I. A. Csiszar, “The new VIIRS 375 m active fire detection data product,” Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 143, pp. 85–96, 2014.

[3]U. Dampage, L. Bandaranayake, R. Wanasinghe, K. Kottahachchi, and B. Jayasanka, “Forest fire detection system using wireless sensor networks and machine learning,” Scientific Reports, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 46, 2022.

[4]K. S. Adu-Manu, N. Adam, C. Tapparello, H. Ayatollahi, and W. Heinzelman, “Energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks: A review,” ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 1–50, 2018.

[5]F. Adelantado, X. Vilajosana, P. Tuset-Peiro, B. Martinez, J. Melia-Segui, and T. Watteyne, “Understanding the limits of LoRaWAN,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 34–40, 2017.

[6]S. Bai, J. Z. Kolter, and V. Koltun, “An empirical evaluation of generic convolutional and recurrent networks for sequence modeling,” arXiv:1803.01271, 2018.

[7]B. Jacob, S. Kligys, B. Chen, M. Zhu, M. Tang, A. Howard, H. Adam, and D. Kalenichenko, “Quantization and training of neural networks for efficient integer-arithmetic-only inference,” in Proc. IEEE/CVF CVPR, 2018, pp. 2704–2713.

[8]P. P. Ray, “A review on TinyML: State-of-the-art and prospects,” Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 1595–1623, 2022.

[9]Y. Geifman and R. El-Yaniv, “Selective classification for deep neural networks,” arXiv:1705.08500, 2017.

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1@article{open_science2015,

2 title = {Estimating the Reproducibility of Psychological Science},

1@article{giglio2003,

2 author = {Giglio, Louis and Descloitres, Jacques and Justice, Christopher O.},

3 title = {An Enhanced Contextual Fire Detection Algorithm for {MODIS}},

4 journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},

5 year = {2003}, doi = {10.1016/S0034-4257(03)00184-6}

6}

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20Wildfire ignition can develop faster than sparse satellite revisit cycles and

21manual reports~\cite{hastie2009}. Dense ground networks provide local measurements

21manual reports~\cite{giglio2003,schroeder2014}. Dense ground networks provide local measurements

22but create a difficult systems trade-off: radios consume most of a node's energy,

23yet delayed communication can hide the earliest evidence~\cite{wilkinson2016}.

23yet delayed communication can hide the earliest evidence~\cite{dampage2022,adumanu2018}.

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EdgeSense: Energy-Aware Wildfire Detection with
Collaborative Sensor Networks

Nadia Flores, Min-jun Lee, and Caleb Morgan
Center for Resilient Computing, Cascadia Institute of Technology
Seattle, WA, USA {nflores,mjlee,cmorgan}@example.edu

Fig. 1. EdgeSense performs local triage and requests peer confirmation only for ambiguous windows.

Index Terms—edge computing, environmental sensing, wildfire, TinyML, sensor networks

I. INTRODUCTION

II. SYSTEM DESIGN

III. DEPLOYMENT AND EVALUATION

ℒ = −w₊y log p − w₋(1−y) log(1−p) + λ∥θ∥²₂.(1)

TABLE I
Field evaluation results.

Method	Recall	FA/wk	Latency	Energy
Periodic stream	.957	1.8	72 s	100%
Fixed threshold	.876	3.4	61 s	41%
Ungated TCN	.946	1.1	58 s	52%
EdgeSense	.941	0.7	54 s	37%

Fig. 2. Cumulative detection performance remained stable across the deployment.

IV. RESULTS

V. ABLATIONS, SAFETY, AND LIMITATIONS

VI. CONCLUSION

Selective communication can extend unattended sensing without hiding early signals . The next deployment will test transfer across biomes and signed over-the-air model updates.

REFERENCES

[2]W. Schroeder, P. Oliva, L. Giglio, and I. A. Csiszar, “The new VIIRS 375 m active fire detection data product,” Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 143, pp. 85–96, 2014.

[6]S. Bai, J. Z. Kolter, and V. Koltun, “An empirical evaluation of generic convolutional and recurrent networks for sequence modeling,” arXiv:1803.01271, 2018.

[8]P. P. Ray, “A review on TinyML: State-of-the-art and prospects,” Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 1595–1623, 2022.

[9]Y. Geifman and R. El-Yaniv, “Selective classification for deep neural networks,” arXiv:1705.08500, 2017.

Stale

references.bib

1@article{giglio2003,

2 title = {An Enhanced Contextual Fire Detection Algorithm for MODIS},

3 year = {2003},

4}

6@article{schroeder2014,

7 title = {The New VIIRS 375 m Active Fire Detection Data Product},

8 year = {2014},

9}

11@article{dampage2022,

12 title = {Forest Fire Detection System Using Wireless Sensor Networks},

13 year = {2022},

14}

16@article{adumanu2018,

17 title = {Energy-Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review},

18 year = {2018},

19}

21@article{adelantado2017,

22 title = {Understanding the Limits of LoRaWAN},

23 year = {2017},

24}

26@article{bai2018,

27 title = {An Empirical Evaluation of Generic Convolutional Networks},

28 year = {2018},

29}

31@article{jacob2018,

32 title = {Quantization and Training of Neural Networks},

33 year = {2018},

34}

36@article{ray2022,

37 title = {A Review on TinyML},

38 year = {2022},

39}

41@article{geifman2017,

42 title = {Selective Classification for Deep Neural Networks},

43 year = {2017},

44}

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  \node (n21_iyi8d) at (16.25,-8.825) [draw=c1E293B, line width=0.025cm, fill=cCFE8F8, rounded corners=0.1cm, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=4.25cm, minimum height=1.15cm] {Feed Forward};

  \node (n22_hapki) at (16.25,-7.075) [draw=c1E293B, line width=0.025cm, fill=cEEF2C3, rounded corners=0.1cm, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=4.25cm, minimum height=1.15cm] {Add \& Norm};

  \node (n24_qwbl3) at (19.375,-11.825) [text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=1.25cm, minimum height=0.75cm] {N×};

  \node (n25_isnp1) at (16.25,-4.8) [draw=c1E293B, line width=0.025cm, fill=cDAD2F0, rounded corners=0.1cm, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=4.25cm, minimum height=1.1cm] {Linear};

  \node (n26_ggail) at (16.25,-2.8) [draw=c1E293B, line width=0.025cm, fill=cCDEDD0, rounded corners=0.1cm, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=4.25cm, minimum height=1.1cm] {Softmax};

  \node (n27_76g5v) at (16.25,-0.875) [text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=4.5cm, minimum height=1.25cm] {Output Probabilities};

38 \begin{scope}[on background layer]

    \node (n10_ma9el) at (6.25,-13.575) [draw=cC7C7CC, line width=0.025cm, fill=cE9E9EC, rounded corners=0.4cm, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=5.5cm, minimum height=7.65cm] {};

    \node (n23_egiii) at (16.25,-11.7) [draw=cC7C7CC, line width=0.025cm, fill=cE9E9EC, rounded corners=0.4cm, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=5.5cm, minimum height=11.4cm] {};

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (6.25,-21.25) -- (6.25,-20.75) -- (6.25,-21.15) -- (6.25,-20.65);

42 \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (6.25,-19.5) -- (6.25,-19) -- (6.25,-19.1) -- (6.25,-18.6);

43 \draw[->, line width=0.05cm] (n3_x9vjf.east) to[out=0, in=180] (n4_aa0b6.west);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (6.25,-17.75) -- (6.25,-17.25) -- (6.25,-17.4) -- (6.25,-16.9);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (6.25,-15.75) -- (6.25,-15.25) -- (6.25,-15.65) -- (6.25,-15.15);

46 \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (6.25,-14) -- (6.25,-13.5) -- (6.25,-13.65) -- (6.25,-13.15);

47 \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (6.25,-12) -- (6.25,-11.5) -- (6.25,-11.9) -- (6.25,-11.4);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.25,-21.25) -- (16.25,-20.75) -- (16.25,-21.15) -- (16.25,-20.65);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.25,-19.5) -- (16.25,-19) -- (16.25,-19.1) -- (16.25,-18.6);

50 \draw[->, line width=0.05cm] (n15_te7fn.west) to[out=180, in=0] (n14_e6m10.east);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.25,-17.75) -- (16.25,-17.25) -- (16.25,-17.4) -- (16.25,-16.9);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.25,-15.75) -- (16.25,-15.25) -- (16.25,-15.65) -- (16.25,-15.15);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.25,-14) -- (16.25,-13.5) -- (16.25,-13.65) -- (16.25,-13.15);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.25,-12) -- (16.25,-11.5) -- (16.25,-11.9) -- (16.25,-11.4);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.25,-10.25) -- (16.25,-9.75) -- (16.25,-9.9) -- (16.25,-9.4);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.25,-8.25) -- (16.25,-7.75) -- (16.25,-8.15) -- (16.25,-7.65);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.25,-6.5) -- (16.25,-6) -- (16.25,-5.925) -- (16.25,-5.85) -- (16.25,-5.35);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.25,-4.25) -- (16.25,-3.75) -- (16.25,-3.85) -- (16.25,-3.35);

59 \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.25,-2.25) -- (16.25,-1.75) -- (16.25,-2) -- (16.25,-1.5);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (8.375,-10.825) -- (8.875,-10.825) -- (11.25,-10.825) -- (11.25,-12.575) -- (13.625,-12.575) -- (14.125,-12.575);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (5.825,-18.175) -- (5.325,-18.175) -- (3.625,-18.175) -- (3.625,-14.575) -- (4.125,-14.575);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (4.125,-14.575) -- (4.1,-14.575) -- (3.625,-14.575) -- (3.625,-10.825) -- (4.125,-10.825);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.675,-18.175) -- (17.175,-18.175) -- (18.875,-18.175) -- (18.875,-14.575) -- (18.375,-14.575);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (18.375,-14.575) -- (18.875,-14.575) -- (18.875,-10.825) -- (18.4,-10.825) -- (18.375,-10.825);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (18.375,-10.825) -- (18.875,-10.825) -- (18.875,-7.075) -- (18.4,-7.075) -- (18.375,-7.075);

66 \end{scope}

67\end{tikzpicture}

PREVIEWPNG scale2x　⌄Background

Output Probabilities

Softmax

Linear

Add & Norm

Feed Forward

Add & Norm

Multi-Head Attention

N×

Add & Norm

Feed Forward

Add & Norm

Multi-Head Attention

Add & Norm

Masked Multi-Head
Attention

N×

Positional Encoding

Input Embedding

Inputs

Positional Encoding

Output Embedding

Outputs (shifted right)

Compiling...

Import 6

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ResumeUpdated Jul 12

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DocumentUpdated Jul 12

Oleafly›diagram

◉　prajwal-svm

main.tex　×

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Snippets　□　○　→　—　{ }

1\definecolor{c0F172A}{HTML}{0F172A}

2\definecolor{c1E293B}{HTML}{1E293B}

3\definecolor{cC7C7CC}{HTML}{C7C7CC}

4\definecolor{cCDEDD0}{HTML}{CDEDD0}

5\definecolor{cCFE8F8}{HTML}{CFE8F8}

6\definecolor{cDAD2F0}{HTML}{DAD2F0}

7\definecolor{cE9E9EC}{HTML}{E9E9EC}

8\definecolor{cEEF2C3}{HTML}{EEF2C3}

9\definecolor{cF9D7D9}{HTML}{F9D7D9}

10\definecolor{cFDE3C7}{HTML}{FDE3C7}

11\definecolor{cFFFFFF}{HTML}{FFFFFF}

12\begin{tikzpicture}[>={Triangle[length=0.313cm,width=0.313cm]}]

  \node (n1_mds37) at (6.25,-21.75) [text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=4.25cm, minimum height=1cm] {Inputs};

  \node (n2_hnw3j) at (6.25,-20.075) [draw=c1E293B, line width=0.025cm, fill=cF9D7D9, rounded corners=0.1cm, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=4.25cm, minimum height=1.15cm] {Input Embedding};

  \node (n3_x9vjf) at (4.25,-18.175) [circle, draw=c1E293B, line width=0.025cm, fill=cFFFFFF, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=0.85cm, minimum height=0.85cm] {};

  \node (n4_aa0b6) at (6.25,-18.175) [circle, draw=c1E293B, line width=0.025cm, fill=cFFFFFF, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=0.85cm, minimum height=0.85cm] {+};

  \node (n5_lbeum) at (2.625,-19.375) [text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=3.5cm, minimum height=1cm] {Positional Encoding};

  \node (n6_gr85r) at (6.25,-16.325) [draw=c1E293B, line width=0.025cm, fill=cFDE3C7, rounded corners=0.1cm, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=4.25cm, minimum height=1.15cm] {Multi-Head Attention};

  \node (n7_it3d0) at (6.25,-14.575) [draw=c1E293B, line width=0.025cm, fill=cEEF2C3, rounded corners=0.1cm, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=4.25cm, minimum height=1.15cm] {Add \& Norm};

  \node (n8_0ae9p) at (6.25,-12.575) [draw=c1E293B, line width=0.025cm, fill=cCFE8F8, rounded corners=0.1cm, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=4.25cm, minimum height=1.15cm] {Feed Forward};

  \node (n9_31jhg) at (6.25,-10.825) [draw=c1E293B, line width=0.025cm, fill=cEEF2C3, rounded corners=0.1cm, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=4.25cm, minimum height=1.15cm] {Add \& Norm};

  \node (n11_3mv5b) at (1.875,-13.575) [text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=1.25cm, minimum height=0.75cm] {N×};

  \node (n12_y6hil) at (16.25,-21.75) [text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=4.25cm, minimum height=1cm] {Outputs (shifted right)};

  \node (n13_oukbf) at (16.25,-20.075) [draw=c1E293B, line width=0.025cm, fill=cF9D7D9, rounded corners=0.1cm, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=4.25cm, minimum height=1.15cm] {Output Embedding};

  \node (n14_e6m10) at (16.25,-18.175) [circle, draw=c1E293B, line width=0.025cm, fill=cFFFFFF, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=0.85cm, minimum height=0.85cm] {+};

  \node (n15_te7fn) at (18.25,-18.175) [circle, draw=c1E293B, line width=0.025cm, fill=cFFFFFF, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=0.85cm, minimum height=0.85cm] {};

  \node (n16_otz7n) at (19.875,-19.375) [text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=3.5cm, minimum height=1cm] {Positional Encoding};

  \node (n17_nw4kz) at (16.25,-16.325) [draw=c1E293B, line width=0.025cm, fill=cFDE3C7, rounded corners=0.1cm, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=4.25cm, minimum height=1.15cm] {Masked Multi-Head Attention};

  \node (n18_feep8) at (16.25,-14.575) [draw=c1E293B, line width=0.025cm, fill=cEEF2C3, rounded corners=0.1cm, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=4.25cm, minimum height=1.15cm] {Add \& Norm};

  \node (n19_9lw0g) at (16.25,-12.575) [draw=c1E293B, line width=0.025cm, fill=cFDE3C7, rounded corners=0.1cm, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=4.25cm, minimum height=1.15cm] {Multi-Head Attention};

  \node (n20_lz6h6) at (16.25,-10.825) [draw=c1E293B, line width=0.025cm, fill=cEEF2C3, rounded corners=0.1cm, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=4.25cm, minimum height=1.15cm] {Add \& Norm};

  \node (n21_iyi8d) at (16.25,-8.825) [draw=c1E293B, line width=0.025cm, fill=cCFE8F8, rounded corners=0.1cm, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=4.25cm, minimum height=1.15cm] {Feed Forward};

  \node (n22_hapki) at (16.25,-7.075) [draw=c1E293B, line width=0.025cm, fill=cEEF2C3, rounded corners=0.1cm, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=4.25cm, minimum height=1.15cm] {Add \& Norm};

  \node (n24_qwbl3) at (19.375,-11.825) [text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=1.25cm, minimum height=0.75cm] {N×};

  \node (n25_isnp1) at (16.25,-4.8) [draw=c1E293B, line width=0.025cm, fill=cDAD2F0, rounded corners=0.1cm, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=4.25cm, minimum height=1.1cm] {Linear};

  \node (n26_ggail) at (16.25,-2.8) [draw=c1E293B, line width=0.025cm, fill=cCDEDD0, rounded corners=0.1cm, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=4.25cm, minimum height=1.1cm] {Softmax};

  \node (n27_76g5v) at (16.25,-0.875) [text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=4.5cm, minimum height=1.25cm] {Output Probabilities};

38 \begin{scope}[on background layer]

    \node (n10_ma9el) at (6.25,-13.575) [draw=cC7C7CC, line width=0.025cm, fill=cE9E9EC, rounded corners=0.4cm, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=5.5cm, minimum height=7.65cm] {};

    \node (n23_egiii) at (16.25,-11.7) [draw=cC7C7CC, line width=0.025cm, fill=cE9E9EC, rounded corners=0.4cm, text=c0F172A, font=\rmfamily\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, minimum width=5.5cm, minimum height=11.4cm] {};

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (6.25,-21.25) -- (6.25,-20.75) -- (6.25,-21.15) -- (6.25,-20.65);

42 \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (6.25,-19.5) -- (6.25,-19) -- (6.25,-19.1) -- (6.25,-18.6);

43 \draw[->, line width=0.05cm] (n3_x9vjf.east) to[out=0, in=180] (n4_aa0b6.west);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (6.25,-17.75) -- (6.25,-17.25) -- (6.25,-17.4) -- (6.25,-16.9);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (6.25,-15.75) -- (6.25,-15.25) -- (6.25,-15.65) -- (6.25,-15.15);

46 \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (6.25,-14) -- (6.25,-13.5) -- (6.25,-13.65) -- (6.25,-13.15);

47 \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (6.25,-12) -- (6.25,-11.5) -- (6.25,-11.9) -- (6.25,-11.4);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.25,-21.25) -- (16.25,-20.75) -- (16.25,-21.15) -- (16.25,-20.65);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.25,-19.5) -- (16.25,-19) -- (16.25,-19.1) -- (16.25,-18.6);

50 \draw[->, line width=0.05cm] (n15_te7fn.west) to[out=180, in=0] (n14_e6m10.east);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.25,-17.75) -- (16.25,-17.25) -- (16.25,-17.4) -- (16.25,-16.9);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.25,-15.75) -- (16.25,-15.25) -- (16.25,-15.65) -- (16.25,-15.15);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.25,-14) -- (16.25,-13.5) -- (16.25,-13.65) -- (16.25,-13.15);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.25,-12) -- (16.25,-11.5) -- (16.25,-11.9) -- (16.25,-11.4);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.25,-10.25) -- (16.25,-9.75) -- (16.25,-9.9) -- (16.25,-9.4);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.25,-8.25) -- (16.25,-7.75) -- (16.25,-8.15) -- (16.25,-7.65);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.25,-6.5) -- (16.25,-6) -- (16.25,-5.925) -- (16.25,-5.85) -- (16.25,-5.35);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.25,-4.25) -- (16.25,-3.75) -- (16.25,-3.85) -- (16.25,-3.35);

59 \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.25,-2.25) -- (16.25,-1.75) -- (16.25,-2) -- (16.25,-1.5);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (8.375,-10.825) -- (8.875,-10.825) -- (11.25,-10.825) -- (11.25,-12.575) -- (13.625,-12.575) -- (14.125,-12.575);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (5.825,-18.175) -- (5.325,-18.175) -- (3.625,-18.175) -- (3.625,-14.575) -- (4.125,-14.575);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (4.125,-14.575) -- (4.1,-14.575) -- (3.625,-14.575) -- (3.625,-10.825) -- (4.125,-10.825);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (16.675,-18.175) -- (17.175,-18.175) -- (18.875,-18.175) -- (18.875,-14.575) -- (18.375,-14.575);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (18.375,-14.575) -- (18.875,-14.575) -- (18.875,-10.825) -- (18.4,-10.825) -- (18.375,-10.825);

    \draw[->, line width=0.05cm, rounded corners=0.125cm] (18.375,-10.825) -- (18.875,-10.825) -- (18.875,-7.075) -- (18.4,-7.075) -- (18.375,-7.075);

66 \end{scope}

67\end{tikzpicture}

□▭○◯◇▱TΣ

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＋−⌗

Output Probabilities

Softmax

Linear

Add & Norm

Feed Forward

Add & Norm

Multi-Head Attention

N×

Add & Norm

Feed Forward

Add & Norm

Multi-Head Attention

Add & Norm

Masked Multi-Head
Attention

N×

Positional Encoding

Input Embedding

Inputs

Positional Encoding

Output Embedding

Outputs (shifted right)

▤ Logs　✓ 1.4s⌗　−　131%⌄　＋　◐　↻　

Output Probabilities

Softmax

Linear

Add & Norm

Feed Forward

Add & Norm

Multi-Head Attention

N×

Add & Norm

Feed Forward

Add & Norm

Multi-Head Attention

Add & Norm

Masked Multi-Head
Attention

N×

Positional Encoding

Input Embedding

Inputs

Positional Encoding

Output Embedding

Outputs (shifted right)

✓Saved to figures/diagram.png

Save As:

diagram.png

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Structure 38

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main.texmain.tex:19:1

Introductionmain.tex:19:1

System designmain.tex:26:1

fig:architecturemain.tex:43:8

System designmain.tex:26:1

Deployment and evaluationmain.tex:45:1

tab:resultsmain.tex:56:69

Deployment and evaluationmain.tex:45:1

equationmain.tex:50:1

Resultsmain.tex:65:1

figuremain.tex:71:1

Ablations, safety, and limitat…main.tex:81:1

Conclusionmain.tex:87:1

fairmain.tex:92:1

tinymlmain.tex:93:1

References 4

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hastie2009main.tex:21

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references.bib

lecun2015deep2015

Deep learning — Nature 521, 436–444

wilkinson20162016

The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific…

warden20192019

TinyML: Machine Learning with Ultra-Low…

Citations in main.tex 8

hastie200921 · 67 · 89

wilkinson201623 · 46

vaswani201728 · 85

gelman201329 · 67

lundberg201748 · 83

Labels 4

fig:architecturemain.tex:43

tab:resultsmain.tex:56

equationmain.tex:50

figuremain.tex:71

main.tex

1\documentclass[conference]{IEEEtran}

2\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,booktabs,graphicx,xcolor,tikz}

3\usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref}

4\usetikzlibrary{positioning,arrows.meta,shapes.geometric}

5\title{EdgeSense: Energy-Aware Wildfire Detection with Collaborative Sensor Networks}

6\author{\IEEEauthorblockN{Nadia Flores, Min-jun Lee, and Caleb Morgan}

7\IEEEauthorblockA{Center for Resilient Computing, Cascadia Institute of Technology\\

8Seattle, WA, USA \quad \{nflores,mjlee,cmorgan\}@example.edu}}

9\begin{document}\maketitle

10\begin{abstract}

11We present EdgeSense, a low-power wildfire early-warning system that fuses thermal,

12particulate, humidity, and wind observations across a mesh of battery-powered

13nodes. A gated temporal model runs locally and transmits only uncertain windows~\cite{lecun2015deep}.

14In a 16-week controlled field deployment, EdgeSense detected 94.1\% of burn events

15at 0.7 false alarms per node-week while reducing radio energy by 63\% relative to

16periodic streaming. Results use a synthetic but realistic demo dataset.

17\end{abstract}

18\begin{IEEEkeywords}edge computing, environmental sensing, wildfire, TinyML, sensor networks\end{IEEEkeywords}

19\section{Introduction}

20Wildfire ignition can develop faster than sparse satellite revisit cycles and

21manual reports~\cite{hastie2009}. Dense ground networks provide local measurements but create a

22difficult systems trade-off: radios consume most of a node's energy, yet delaying

23communication can hide the earliest evidence~\cite{wilkinson2016}. EdgeSense moves triage to the node

24and treats transmission as a decision under uncertainty.

26\section{System design}

27Each node samples temperature, relative humidity, particulate matter, and wind

28once per minute~\cite{vaswani2017}. A 12\,kB quantized temporal convolutional network scores

29five-minute windows~\cite{gelman2013}. Scores below 0.25 are stored locally; scores between 0.25 and

300.70 trigger peer confirmation; scores above 0.70 trigger an immediate gateway

31packet.

32\begin{figure}[t]\centering

33\begin{tikzpicture}[font=\scriptsize,node distance=4mm,

34n/.style={draw,rounded corners,fill=blue!6,minimum width=18mm,minimum height=7mm},

35a/.style={-{Stealth[length=1.7mm]},thick}]

36\node[n] (s) {Sensors}; \node[n,right=of s] (f) {Feature buffer};

37\node[n,right=of f] (m) {Tiny model}; \node[n,below=of m] (p) {Peer vote};

38\node[n,left=of p] (g) {Gateway};

39\draw[a](s)--(f);\draw[a](f)--(m);\draw[a](m)--(p);\draw[a](p)--(g);

40\draw[a,bend left=25](m) to node[above]{high confidence}(g);

41\end{tikzpicture}

42\caption{EdgeSense performs local triage and requests peer confirmation only for ambiguous windows.}

43\label{fig:architecture}\end{figure}

45\section{Deployment and evaluation}

46We deployed 48 nodes across three ecological zones~\cite{wilkinson2016}. Controlled burns and heated

47aerosol challenges generated 186 positive windows; 11,420 background windows

48captured fog, dust, vehicle exhaust, and sensor maintenance~\cite{lundberg2017}. Splits were grouped

49by day to prevent temporal leakage.

50\begin{equation}

51\mathcal{L}=-w_+y\log p-w_-(1-y)\log(1-p)+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2.

52\end{equation}

53We compare periodic streaming, fixed thresholds, an ungated neural baseline, and

54EdgeSense. The primary metrics are event recall, false alarms per node-week,

55median alert latency, and measured radio energy.

56\begin{table}[t]\centering\caption{Field evaluation results.}\label{tab:results}

57\begin{tabular}{@{}lrrrr@{}}\toprule

58Method & Recall & FA/wk & Latency & Energy\\\midrule

59Periodic stream & .957 & 1.8 & 72 s & 100\%\\

60Fixed threshold & .876 & 3.4 & 61 s & 41\%\\

61Ungated TCN & .946 & 1.1 & 58 s & 52\%\\

62\textbf{EdgeSense} & \textbf{.941} & \textbf{0.7} & \textbf{54 s} & \textbf{37\%}\\\bottomrule

63\end{tabular}\end{table}

65\section{Results}

66EdgeSense retains 98.3\% of the streaming baseline's recall while using 37\% of

67its radio energy~\cite{gelman2013}. Peer voting removes 31\% of fog-related false alarms~\cite{hastie2009}. At the

68median observed solar input, the modeled service interval rises from 11 to 29

69months. Performance degrades gracefully when one sensing channel is unavailable.

71\begin{figure}[t]\centering

72\begin{tikzpicture}[x=.72cm,y=.55cm,font=\scriptsize]

73\draw[->](0,0)--(7,0)node[right]{week};\draw[->](0,0)--(0,5)node[above]{recall};

74\draw[blue,very thick] plot coordinates{(0,.8)(1,1.6)(2,2.2)(3,2.8)(4,3.5)(5,4.0)(6,4.25)};

75\draw[orange,very thick,dashed] plot coordinates{(0,.7)(1,1.3)(2,1.9)(3,2.4)(4,2.8)(5,3.1)(6,3.25)};

76\node[blue] at (5.2,4.5){EdgeSense};\node[orange] at (5,2.6){threshold};

77\end{tikzpicture}

78\caption{Cumulative detection performance remained stable across the deployment.}

79\end{figure}

81\section{Ablations, safety, and limitations}

82Removing peer voting increases false alarms by 44\%; removing wind direction

83reduces recall by 3.8 points~\cite{lundberg2017}. EdgeSense is advisory: alerts require confirmation

84by the incident-management system, and nodes never autonomously dispatch a public

85warning~\cite{vaswani2017}. The deployment did not cover crown fires or winter conditions.

87\section{Conclusion}

88Selective communication can extend unattended sensing without hiding early

89signals~\cite{hastie2009}. The next deployment will test transfer across biomes and signed

90over-the-air model updates.

91\begin{thebibliography}{2}

92\bibitem{fair} M~\cite{wilkinson2016}. Wilkinson et al., \emph{The FAIR Guiding Principles}, \emph{Scientific Data}, 2016.

93\bibitem{tinyml} P. Warden and D. Situnayake, \emph{TinyML}. O'Reilly, 2019.

94\end{thebibliography}

95\end{document}

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  author  = {LeCun, Yann and Bengio, Yoshua and Hinton, Geoffrey},
  title   = {Deep learning},
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  pages   = {436--444},
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| 8 unchanged lines |

9\begin{document}\maketitle

10\begin{abstract}

11We present EdgeSense, a low-power wildfire early-warning system that fuses thermal,

12particulate, humidity, and wind observations across a mesh of battery-powered

13nodes. A gated temporal model runs locally and transmits only uncertain windows.

14In a 16-week controlled field deployment, EdgeSense detected 94.1\% of burn events

15at 0.7 false alarms per node-week while reducing radio energy by 63\% relative to

16periodic streaming. Results use a synthetic but realistic demo dataset.

17\end{abstract}

| 78 unchanged lines |

| 8 unchanged lines |

9\begin{document}\maketitle

10\begin{abstract}

11We present EdgeSense, a low-power wildfire early-warning system that fuses thermal,

12particulate, humidity, and wind observations across a mesh of battery-powered

13nodes. A gated temporal model runs locally and transmits only uncertain windows~\cite{lecun2015deep}.

14In a 16-week controlled field deployment, EdgeSense detected 94.1\% of burn events

15at 0.7 false alarms per node-week while reducing radio energy by 63\% relative to

16periodic streaming. Results use a synthetic but realistic demo dataset.

17\end{abstract}

| 78 unchanged lines |

1\documentclass[conference]{IEEEtran}

2\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,booktabs,graphicx,xcolor,tikz}

3\usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref}

4\usetikzlibrary{positioning,arrows.meta,shapes.geometric}

5\title{EdgeSense: Energy-Aware Wildfire Detection with Collaborative Sensor Networks}

6\author{\IEEEauthorblockN{Nadia Flores, Min-jun Lee, and Caleb Morgan}

7\IEEEauthorblockA{Center for Resilient Computing, Cascadia Institute of Technology\\

8Seattle, WA, USA \quad \{nflores,mjlee,cmorgan\}@example.edu}}

9\begin{document}\maketitle

10\begin{abstract}

11We present EdgeSense, a low-power wildfire early-warning system that fuses thermal,

12particulate, humidity, and wind observations across a mesh of battery-powered

13nodes. A gated temporal model runs locally and transmits only uncertain windows~\cite{lecun2015deep}.

14In a 16-week controlled field deployment, EdgeSense detected 94.1\% of burn events

15at 0.7 false alarms per node-week while reducing radio energy by 63\% relative to

16periodic streaming. Results use a synthetic but realistic demo dataset.

17\end{abstract}

18\begin{IEEEkeywords}edge computing, environmental sensing, wildfire, TinyML, sensor networks\end{IEEEkeywords}

19\section{Introduction}

20Wildfire ignition can develop faster than sparse satellite revisit cycles and

21manual reports~\cite{hastie2009}. Dense ground networks provide local measurements but create a

22difficult systems trade-off: radios consume most of a node's energy, yet delaying

23communication can hide the earliest evidence~\cite{wilkinson2016}. EdgeSense moves triage to the node

24and treats transmission as a decision under uncertainty.

26\section{System design}

27Each node samples temperature, relative humidity, particulate matter, and wind

28once per minute~\cite{vaswani2017}. A 12\,kB quantized temporal convolutional network scores

29five-minute windows~\cite{gelman2013}. Scores below 0.25 are stored locally; scores between 0.25 and

300.70 trigger peer confirmation; scores above 0.70 trigger an immediate gateway

31packet.

32\begin{figure}[t]\centering

33\begin{tikzpicture}[font=\scriptsize,node distance=4mm,

34n/.style={draw,rounded corners,fill=blue!6,minimum width=18mm,minimum height=7mm},

35a/.style={-{Stealth[length=1.7mm]},thick}]

36\node[n] (s) {Sensors}; \node[n,right=of s] (f) {Feature buffer};

37\node[n,right=of f] (m) {Tiny model}; \node[n,below=of m] (p) {Peer vote};

38\node[n,left=of p] (g) {Gateway};

39\draw[a](s)--(f);\draw[a](f)--(m);\draw[a](m)--(p);\draw[a](p)--(g);

40\draw[a,bend left=25](m) to node[above]{high confidence}(g);

41\end{tikzpicture}

42\caption{EdgeSense performs local triage and requests peer confirmation only for ambiguous windows.}

43\label{fig:architecture}\end{figure}

45\section{Deployment and evaluation}

46We deployed 48 nodes across three ecological zones~\cite{wilkinson2016}. Controlled burns and heated

47aerosol challenges generated 186 positive windows; 11,420 background windows

48captured fog, dust, vehicle exhaust, and sensor maintenance~\cite{lundberg2017}. Splits were grouped

49by day to prevent temporal leakage.

50\begin{equation}

51\mathcal{L}=-w_+y\log p-w_-(1-y)\log(1-p)+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2.

52\end{equation}

53We compare periodic streaming, fixed thresholds, an ungated neural baseline, and

54EdgeSense. The primary metrics are event recall, false alarms per node-week,

55median alert latency, and measured radio energy.

56\begin{table}[t]\centering\caption{Field evaluation results.}\label{tab:results}

57\begin{tabular}{@{}lrrrr@{}}\toprule

58Method & Recall & FA/wk & Latency & Energy\\\midrule

59Periodic stream & .957 & 1.8 & 72 s & 100\%\\

60Fixed threshold & .876 & 3.4 & 61 s & 41\%\\

61Ungated TCN & .946 & 1.1 & 58 s & 52\%\\

62\textbf{EdgeSense} & \textbf{.941} & \textbf{0.7} & \textbf{54 s} & \textbf{37\%}\\\bottomrule

63\end{tabular}\end{table}

65\section{Results}

66EdgeSense retains 98.3\% of the streaming baseline's recall while using 37\% of

67its radio energy~\cite{gelman2013}. Peer voting removes 31\% of fog-related false alarms~\cite{hastie2009}. At the

68median observed solar input, the modeled service interval rises from 11 to 29

69months. Performance degrades gracefully when one sensing channel is unavailable.

71\begin{figure}[t]\centering

72\begin{tikzpicture}[x=.72cm,y=.55cm,font=\scriptsize]

73\draw[->](0,0)--(7,0)node[right]{week};\draw[->](0,0)--(0,5)node[above]{recall};

74\draw[blue,very thick] plot coordinates{(0,.8)(1,1.6)(2,2.2)(3,2.8)(4,3.5)(5,4.0)(6,4.25)};

75\draw[orange,very thick,dashed] plot coordinates{(0,.7)(1,1.3)(2,1.9)(3,2.4)(4,2.8)(5,3.1)(6,3.25)};

76\node[blue] at (5.2,4.5){EdgeSense};\node[orange] at (5,2.6){threshold};

77\end{tikzpicture}

78\caption{Cumulative detection performance remained stable across the deployment.}

79\end{figure}

81\section{Ablations, safety, and limitations}

82Removing peer voting increases false alarms by 44\%; removing wind direction

83reduces recall by 3.8 points~\cite{lundberg2017}. EdgeSense is advisory: alerts require confirmation

84by the incident-management system, and nodes never autonomously dispatch a public

85warning~\cite{vaswani2017}. The deployment did not cover crown fires or winter conditions.

87\section{Conclusion}

88Selective communication can extend unattended sensing without hiding early

89signals~\cite{hastie2009}. The next deployment will test transfer across biomes and signed

90over-the-air model updates.

91\begin{thebibliography}{2}

92\bibitem{fair} M~\cite{wilkinson2016}. Wilkinson et al., \emph{The FAIR Guiding Principles}, \emph{Scientific Data}, 2016.

93\bibitem{tinyml} P. Warden and D. Situnayake, \emph{TinyML}. O'Reilly, 2019.

94\end{thebibliography}

95\end{document}

Import 6

↕ MARKDOWNAlpine eDNA Pilot — Lab Notebook

DocumentUpdated Jul 31

↕ TECTONICMapping Pollinator Corridors — Research Poster

DocumentUpdated Jul 29

↕ TECTONICFederated Learning Data Flow

ImageUpdated Jul 29

↕ TECTONICCatalyst Screening Data Report

DocumentUpdated Jul 29

↕ TECTONICMangrove Canopy Drone Survey

DocumentUpdated Jul 28

Alex Chen

Senior Software Engineer

[email protected] · (650) 555-0142 · Mountain View, CA · alexchen.dev · github.com/alexchen

SUMMARY

Senior Software Engineer (L5) with 9+ years designing and operating large-scale distributed systems. Deep experience in backend infrastructure, performance, and reliability.

EXPERIENCE

Senior Software Engineer (L5)Google

Mountain View, CAMar 2020 — Present

Tech lead for a Search serving component handling 2M+ queries/second; cut p99 latency 38%.
Designed a globally replicated feature store on Spanner backing 40+ ML models.
Led migration of a 300-service fleet to a new RPC framework; reduced on-call pages 45%.
Mentored six engineers and ran the team’s design-review program.

Software Engineer (L4)Google

Mountain View, CAJul 2017 — Mar 2020

Built a real-time aggregation pipeline processing 8B events/day.
Cut batch-job cost 30% with sharding and incremental computation.

Software EngineerStripe

San Francisco, CAAug 2015 — Jun 2017

Shipped ledger and reconciliation services processing $60B+/year.
Reduced a reconciliation run from six hours to 25 minutes.

SELECTED PROJECTS

Ratelgithub.com/alexchen/ratel

Go, Raft, gRPC — distributed rate limiter doing 4M+ decisions/sec/node.

tqlgithub.com/alexchen/tql

Rust — typed query builder for Postgres with compile-time-checked SQL.

EDUCATION

M.S. Computer ScienceStanford University

B.S. Computer ScienceUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

SKILLS

Languages: C++, Go, Rust, Python, Java, SQL
Systems: Spanner, Bigtable, Kubernetes, Kafka, gRPC / Protobuf, Redis

↕ TECTONICSleep and Memory Consolidation — Evidence Map

DocumentUpdated Jul 28

↕ TECTONICUrban Heat Transect Field Protocol

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↕ TECTONICCS 271 — Approximation Algorithms PS3

DocumentUpdated Jul 5

↕ TECTONICWeak-Lensing Mass Reconstruction of NCJ 1427

DocumentUpdated Jul 2

↕ TECTONICStatistical Consulting Report

DocumentUpdated Jun 25

OleaflyAlex Chen - Google Resume

prajwal-svm

main.tex

T⌄

1\documentclass[11pt,letterpaper]{article}

2\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}

3\usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}

4\usepackage{titlesec}

5\usepackage{enumitem}

6\usepackage{hyperref}

8% ATS-friendly: single column, real selectable text, no tables-for-layout,

9% embedded subset fonts. Linear reading order so parsers extract cleanly.

10\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}

11\pagenumbering{gobble}

12\hypersetup{colorlinks=true, urlcolor=black, linkcolor=black}

14\titleformat{\section}{\large\bfseries\uppercase}{}{0em}{}[\vspace{2pt}\titlerule]

15\titlespacing*{\section}{0pt}{8pt}{4pt}

16\setlist[itemize]{leftmargin=14pt, itemsep=1pt, topsep=2pt, parsep=0pt}

18% role{Title}{Company}{Location}{Dates}

19\newcommand{\role}[4]{%

20 \textbf{#1} \hfill #2 \\

21 \textit{#3} \hfill \textit{#4}%

22}

24\begin{document}

26\begin{center}

27 {\Huge \textbf{Alex Chen}}\\[3pt]

28 \small

29 Senior Software Engineer\\[2pt]

30 \href{mailto:[email protected]}{[email protected]}\,$\cdot$\,

31 (650) 555-0142\,$\cdot$\,

32 Mountain View, CA\,$\cdot$\,

33 \href{https://alexchen.dev}{alexchen.dev}\,$\cdot$\,

34 \href{https://github.com/alexchen}{github.com/alexchen}\,$\cdot$\,

35 \href{https://linkedin.com/in/alexchen}{linkedin.com/in/alexchen}

36\end{center}

37\vspace{2pt}

39\section*{Summary}

40Senior Software Engineer (L5) with 9+ years designing and operating large-scale

41distributed systems. Deep experience in backend infrastructure, performance, and

42reliability, with a track record of shipping products used by hundreds of

43millions of users and mentoring engineers toward senior roles.

45\section*{Experience}

46\role{Senior Software Engineer (L5)}{Google}{Mountain View, CA}{Mar 2020 -- Present}

47\begin{itemize}

  \item Tech lead for a Search serving component handling 2M+ queries/second; drove a redesign that cut p99 latency 38\% and saved an estimated \$14M/year in compute.

  \item Designed and launched a globally-replicated feature store on Spanner backing 40+ ML models, adopted by 12 teams across Search and Ads.

  \item Led migration of a 300-service fleet to a new RPC framework, improving tail latency and reducing on-call pages by 45\%.

51 \item Mentored 6 engineers (2 promoted to senior); ran the team's design-review and readability programs.

52\end{itemize}

53\vspace{3pt}

54\role{Software Engineer (L4)}{Google}{Mountain View, CA}{Jul 2017 -- Mar 2020}

55\begin{itemize}

  \item Built a real-time aggregation pipeline (C++, Flume) processing 8B events/day for a Search-quality dashboard used org-wide.

57 \item Cut batch-job cost 30\% by reworking sharding and introducing incremental recomputation.

58\end{itemize}

59\vspace{3pt}

60\role{Software Engineer}{Stripe}{San Francisco, CA}{Aug 2015 -- Jun 2017}

61\begin{itemize}

62 \item Shipped core ledger and reconciliation services for a payments platform processing \$60B+/year.

63 \item Reduced a reconciliation run from 6 hours to 25 minutes via parallelization and a columnar store.

64\end{itemize}

66\section*{Selected Projects}

67\textbf{Ratel} \hfill \href{https://github.com/alexchen/ratel}{github.com/alexchen/ratel} \\

\textit{Go, Raft, gRPC} --- open-source distributed rate limiter doing 4M+ decisions/sec/node; 1.5k GitHub stars.\par\vspace{4pt}

69\textbf{tql} \hfill \href{https://github.com/alexchen/tql}{github.com/alexchen/tql} \\

70\textit{Rust} --- a typed query builder for Postgres with compile-time-checked SQL.

72\section*{Education}

73\textbf{M.S. Computer Science} \hfill Stanford University \\

74\textit{2013 -- 2015} \hfill \textit{Focus: Distributed Systems}\par\vspace{4pt}

75\textbf{B.S. Computer Science} \hfill University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign \\

76\textit{2009 -- 2013} \hfill \textit{GPA: 3.9 / 4.0}

78\section*{Skills}

79\textbf{Languages:} C++, Go, Rust, Python, Java, SQL \\

80\textbf{Systems:} Spanner, Bigtable, Kubernetes, Kafka, gRPC / Protobuf, Redis \\

81\textbf{Focus:} Distributed systems, performance, reliability (SLOs), system design, mentoring

83\end{document}

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Alex Chen

Senior Software Engineer

[email protected] · (650) 555-0142 · Mountain View, CA · alexchen.dev · github.com/alexchen

SUMMARY

Senior Software Engineer (L5) with 9+ years designing and operating large-scale distributed systems. Deep experience in backend infrastructure, performance, and reliability.

EXPERIENCE

Senior Software Engineer (L5)Google

Mountain View, CAMar 2020 — Present

Tech lead for a Search serving component handling 2M+ queries/second; cut p99 latency 38%.
Designed a globally replicated feature store on Spanner backing 40+ ML models.
Led migration of a 300-service fleet to a new RPC framework; reduced on-call pages 45%.
Mentored six engineers and ran the team’s design-review program.

Software Engineer (L4)Google

Mountain View, CAJul 2017 — Mar 2020

Built a real-time aggregation pipeline processing 8B events/day.
Cut batch-job cost 30% with sharding and incremental computation.

Software EngineerStripe

San Francisco, CAAug 2015 — Jun 2017

Shipped ledger and reconciliation services processing $60B+/year.
Reduced a reconciliation run from six hours to 25 minutes.

SELECTED PROJECTS

Ratelgithub.com/alexchen/ratel

Go, Raft, gRPC — distributed rate limiter doing 4M+ decisions/sec/node.

tqlgithub.com/alexchen/tql

Rust — typed query builder for Postgres with compile-time-checked SQL.

EDUCATION

M.S. Computer ScienceStanford University

B.S. Computer ScienceUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

SKILLS

Languages: C++, Go, Rust, Python, Java, SQL
Systems: Spanner, Bigtable, Kubernetes, Kafka, gRPC / Protobuf, Redis

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main.tex

CodeVisual

Results

EdgeSense retains 98.3% of the streaming baseline’s recall while using 37% of its radio energy gelman2014. Peer voting removes 31% of fog-related false alarms hastie2009. At the median observed solar input, the modeled service interval rises from 11 to 29 months. Performance degrades gracefully when one sensing channel is unavailable.

Ablations, safety, and limitations

Removing peer voting increases false alarms by 44%; removing wind direction reduces recall by 3.8 points lundberg2017. EdgeSense is advisory: alerts require confirmation by the incident-management system.

1\documentclass[conference]{IEEEtran}

2\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,booktabs,graphicx,xcolor,tikz}

3\usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref}

4\usetikzlibrary{positioning,arrows.meta,shapes.geometric}

5\title{EdgeSense: Energy-Aware Wildfire Detection with Collaborative Sensor Networks}

6\author{\IEEEauthorblockN{Nadia Flores, Min-jun Lee, and Caleb Morgan}

7\IEEEauthorblockA{Center for Resilient Computing, Cascadia Institute of Technology\\

8Seattle, WA, USA \quad \{nflores,mjlee,cmorgan\}@example.edu}}

9\begin{document}\maketitle

10\begin{abstract}

11We present EdgeSense, a low-power wildfire early-warning system that fuses thermal,

12particulate, humidity, and wind observations across a mesh of battery-powered

13nodes. A gated temporal model runs locally and transmits only uncertain windows~\cite{lecun2015deep}.

14In a 16-week controlled field deployment, EdgeSense detected 94.1\% of burn events

15at 0.7 false alarms per node-week while reducing radio energy by 63\% relative to

16periodic streaming. Results use a synthetic but realistic demo dataset.

17\end{abstract}

18\begin{IEEEkeywords}edge computing, environmental sensing, wildfire, TinyML, sensor networks\end{IEEEkeywords}

19\section{Introduction}

20Wildfire ignition can develop faster than sparse satellite revisit cycles and

21manual reports~\cite{hastie2009}. Dense ground networks provide local measurements but create a

22difficult systems trade-off: radios consume most of a node's energy, yet delaying

23communication can hide the earliest evidence~\cite{wilkinson2016}. EdgeSense moves triage to the node

24and treats transmission as a decision under uncertainty.

26\section{System design}

27Each node samples temperature, relative humidity, particulate matter, and wind

28once per minute~\cite{vaswani2017}. A 12\,kB quantized temporal convolutional network scores

29five-minute windows~\cite{gelman2013}. Scores below 0.25 are stored locally; scores between 0.25 and

300.70 trigger peer confirmation; scores above 0.70 trigger an immediate gateway

31packet.

32\begin{figure}[t]\centering

33\begin{tikzpicture}[font=\scriptsize,node distance=4mm,

34n/.style={draw,rounded corners,fill=blue!6,minimum width=18mm,minimum height=7mm},

35a/.style={-{Stealth[length=1.7mm]},thick}]

36\node[n] (s) {Sensors}; \node[n,right=of s] (f) {Feature buffer};

37\node[n,right=of f] (m) {Tiny model}; \node[n,below=of m] (p) {Peer vote};

38\node[n,left=of p] (g) {Gateway};

39\draw[a](s)--(f);\draw[a](f)--(m);\draw[a](m)--(p);\draw[a](p)--(g);

40\draw[a,bend left=25](m) to node[above]{high confidence}(g);

41\end{tikzpicture}

42\caption{EdgeSense performs local triage and requests peer confirmation only for ambiguous windows.}

43\label{fig:architecture}\end{figure}

45\section{Deployment and evaluation}

46We deployed 48 nodes across three ecological zones~\cite{wilkinson2016}. Controlled burns and heated

47aerosol challenges generated 186 positive windows; 11,420 background windows

48captured fog, dust, vehicle exhaust, and sensor maintenance~\cite{lundberg2017}. Splits were grouped

49by day to prevent temporal leakage.

50\begin{equation}

51\mathcal{L}=-w_+y\log p-w_-(1-y)\log(1-p)+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2.

52\end{equation}

53We compare periodic streaming, fixed thresholds, an ungated neural baseline, and

54EdgeSense. The primary metrics are event recall, false alarms per node-week,

55median alert latency, and measured radio energy.

56\begin{table}[t]\centering\caption{Field evaluation results.}\label{tab:results}

57\begin{tabular}{@{}lrrrr@{}}\toprule

58Method & Recall & FA/wk & Latency & Energy\\\midrule

59Periodic stream & .957 & 1.8 & 72 s & 100\%\\

60Fixed threshold & .876 & 3.4 & 61 s & 41\%\\

61Ungated TCN & .946 & 1.1 & 58 s & 52\%\\

62\textbf{EdgeSense} & \textbf{.941} & \textbf{0.7} & \textbf{54 s} & \textbf{37\%}\\\bottomrule

63\end{tabular}\end{table}

65\section{Results}

66EdgeSense retains 98.3\% of the streaming baseline's recall while using 37\% of

67its radio energy~\cite{gelman2013}. Peer voting removes 31\% of fog-related false alarms~\cite{hastie2009}. At the

68median observed solar input, the modeled service interval rises from 11 to 29

69months. Performance degrades gracefully when one sensing channel is unavailable.

71\begin{figure}[t]\centering

72\begin{tikzpicture}[x=.72cm,y=.55cm,font=\scriptsize]

73\draw[->](0,0)--(7,0)node[right]{week};\draw[->](0,0)--(0,5)node[above]{recall};

74\draw[blue,very thick] plot coordinates{(0,.8)(1,1.6)(2,2.2)(3,2.8)(4,3.5)(5,4.0)(6,4.25)};

75\draw[orange,very thick,dashed] plot coordinates{(0,.7)(1,1.3)(2,1.9)(3,2.4)(4,2.8)(5,3.1)(6,3.25)};

76\node[blue] at (5.2,4.5){EdgeSense};\node[orange] at (5,2.6){threshold};

77\end{tikzpicture}

78\caption{Cumulative detection performance remained stable across the deployment.}

79\end{figure}

81\section{Ablations, safety, and limitations}

82Removing peer voting increases false alarms by 44\%; removing wind direction

83reduces recall by 3.8 points~\cite{lundberg2017}. EdgeSense is advisory: alerts require confirmation

84by the incident-management system, and nodes never autonomously dispatch a public

85warning~\cite{vaswani2017}. The deployment did not cover crown fires or winter conditions.

87\section{Conclusion}

88Selective communication can extend unattended sensing without hiding early

89signals~\cite{hastie2009}. The next deployment will test transfer across biomes and signed

90over-the-air model updates.

91\begin{thebibliography}{2}

92\bibitem{fair} M~\cite{wilkinson2016}. Wilkinson et al., \emph{The FAIR Guiding Principles}, \emph{Scientific Data}, 2016.

93\bibitem{tinyml} P. Warden and D. Situnayake, \emph{TinyML}. O'Reilly, 2019.

94\end{thebibliography}

95\end{document}

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EdgeSense: Energy-Aware Wildfire Detection with
Collaborative Sensor Networks

Nadia Flores, Min-jun Lee, and Caleb Morgan
Center for Resilient Computing, Cascadia Institute of Technology
Seattle, WA, USA {nflores,mjlee,cmorgan}@example.edu

Fig. 1. EdgeSense performs local triage and requests peer confirmation only for ambiguous windows.

Index Terms—edge computing, environmental sensing, wildfire, TinyML, sensor networks

I. INTRODUCTION

II. SYSTEM DESIGN

III. DEPLOYMENT AND EVALUATION

ℒ = −w₊y log p − w₋(1−y) log(1−p) + λ∥θ∥²₂.(1)

TABLE I
Field evaluation results.

Method	Recall	FA/wk	Latency	Energy
Periodic stream	.957	1.8	72 s	100%
Fixed threshold	.876	3.4	61 s	41%
Ungated TCN	.946	1.1	58 s	52%
EdgeSense	.941	0.7	54 s	37%

Fig. 2. Cumulative detection performance remained stable across the deployment.

IV. RESULTS

V. ABLATIONS, SAFETY, AND LIMITATIONS

VI. CONCLUSION

Selective communication can extend unattended sensing without hiding early signals . The next deployment will test transfer across biomes and signed over-the-air model updates.

REFERENCES

[2]W. Schroeder, P. Oliva, L. Giglio, and I. A. Csiszar, “The new VIIRS 375 m active fire detection data product,” Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 143, pp. 85–96, 2014.

[6]S. Bai, J. Z. Kolter, and V. Koltun, “An empirical evaluation of generic convolutional and recurrent networks for sequence modeling,” arXiv:1803.01271, 2018.

[8]P. P. Ray, “A review on TinyML: State-of-the-art and prospects,” Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 1595–1623, 2022.

[9]Y. Geifman and R. El-Yaniv, “Selective classification for deep neural networks,” arXiv:1705.08500, 2017.

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	التحرير البرمجي والمرئي	تحرير مصدري ومرئي مع تحويل متبادل بلا فقدان	المصدر والمعاينة	المصدر ووضع النص المنسّق	المصدر ومعاينة مباشرة	محرر مرئي يدعم معادلات LaTeX	محرر مرئي منظّم	المصدر فقط	المصدر ومعاينة PDF	المصدر فقط	مساعد كتابة مرئي	اقتراحات كتابة ضمن النص	مرئي فقط
	فهم الشيفرة على مستوى المشروع	إكمال تلقائي مع التعريفات والمراجع وإعادة التسمية على مستوى المشروع	محرر ومساعدة بالذكاء الاصطناعي	إكمال تلقائي وبحث في المراجع	الأخطاء والإكمال وأدوات Assists	مراجع ومعادلات منظّمة	التسميات والمراجع والمخطط الهيكلي والإكمال	فاحص للبنية والمراجع	الإكمال والمخطط الهيكلي والمراجع والبحث	LaTeX Workshop IntelliSense	لا توجد أدوات لشيفرة LaTeX	TeXGPT لشيفرة LaTeX	لا
	مزامنة المصدر وPDF	مزامنة ثنائية الاتجاه بين المصدر وPDF على مستوى الكلمة	معاينة PDF فورية	مزامنة المصدر وPDF	معاينة مباشرة	لا توجد مزامنة بين المصدر وPDF	معاينة المصدر والمخرجات	على مستوى الكلمة تقريبًا	مزامنة المصدر وPDF	SyncTeX مباشر وعكسي	لا	يستخدم معاينة Overleaf	لا
	أوضاع قراءة PDF	عارض مدمج مع الفصل وعرض الصفحات المتقابلة والوضعين الداكن ووضع القراءة	معاينة مدمجة	معاينة مدمجة	معاينة مدمجة	معاينة المستند	يستخدم عارض PDF	عارض متكامل	عارض PDF متكامل	عارض عبر إضافة مع وضع عكس الألوان	محادثة مع PDF	لا يوجد قارئ PDF	معاينة المستند
	قوالب المستندات	أكثر من 100 قالب بداية مع قوالب مخصصة قابلة لإعادة الاستخدام	غير موثّق	معرض كبير لقوالب الناشرين	Typst Universe وقوالب Pro الخاصة	قوالب احترافية ضمن الخطط المدفوعة	فئات مستندات مدمجة	قوالب مدمجة وقوالب للمستخدم	غير موثّق	مقتطفات وقوالب من المجتمع	غير موثّق	لا	ميزة أساسية
	استيراد المشاريع والمستندات	ملفات وأرشيفات ZIP، إضافةً إلى PDF وDOCX وMarkdown والصور والمجلدات	مجلد أو ZIP أو سحب وإفلات	ملفات وZIP وعمليات تكامل مدفوعة	يحوّل LaTeX وWord وMarkdown	محتوى Jupyter واستيراد المراجع	LaTeX وتنسيقات نصية أخرى	فتح ملفات المصدر المحلية	مجلدات محلية وملفات سحابية	فتح ملفات المصدر المحلية	رفع ملفات PDF والمستندات	مستندات Word وOverleaf	PDF أو DOCX عادةً
	تنسيقات التصدير	PDF وأرشيف ZIP للمصدر، إضافةً إلى DOCX وHTML وMarkdown	PDF وملفات المشروع	PDF وأرشيف ZIP للمصدر	PDF وPNG وSVG	PDF وWord وLaTeX وTypst وMyST	PDF وHTML وWord وRTF وePub وغيرها	PDF وملفات المصدر	PDF وملفات المصدر	يعتمد على الأدوات المحلية	مسارات عمل Word	تغييرات Word المتعقبة	PDF وDOCX عادةً
البحث والذكاء الاصطناعي	اختيار نموذج الذكاء الاصطناعي	لا يعتمد على نموذج بعينه: مزودون مستضافون أو نقاط نهاية مخصصة أو Ollama محلي	نماذج OpenAI مدمجة	ذكاء اصطناعي بحثي مدمج، ويختلف الحد اليومي باختلاف الخطة	أدوات Compiler Assists	غير موثّق	لا يوجد	لا يوجد	لا يوجد	Copilot أو BYOK أو إضافات	Paperpal AI	نماذج Writefull وGPT	مدمج، ويختلف اختيار النموذج
	ذكاء اصطناعي محلي	Ollama محلي، من دون الحاجة إلى مزود مستضاف	لا	لا	لا	لا	لا	لا يوجد ذكاء اصطناعي مدمج	لا	BYOK أو إضافات	لا	لا	لا
	مراجعة تعديلات الذكاء الاصطناعي قبل تطبيقها	فروق قابلة للمراجعة مع ضوابط للموافقة على كل تعديل	احتفظ أو تراجع	مراجعة اقتراحات الذكاء الاصطناعي	مراجعة كل اقتراح Assist	غير موثّق	لا يوجد ذكاء اصطناعي مدمج	لا يوجد ذكاء اصطناعي مدمج	لا يوجد ذكاء اصطناعي مدمج	مراجعة التغييرات	مراجعة اقتراحات الكتابة	تعقّب التغييرات	يختلف
	تحقق الذكاء الاصطناعي من النتيجة المنسّقة	يعدّل المصدر ويجمّعه ثم يفحص ملف PDF المنسّق	تعيد التجميع للتأكد	تعيد التجميع للتأكد	معاينة التجميع	لا	لا يوجد ذكاء اصطناعي مدمج	لا يوجد ذكاء اصطناعي مدمج	لا يوجد ذكاء اصطناعي مدمج	فحوص بناء من دون مراجعة PDF	لا توجد مراجعة لملف PDF المنسّق	لا توجد مراجعة لملف PDF المنسّق	لا
	البحث في المؤلفات والاستشهادات	بحث في المؤلفات عبر alphaXiv وOpenAlex مع التحقق بواسطة Crossref	بحث مدمج في المؤلفات	بحث في المراجع مع اقتراحات استشهاد بالذكاء الاصطناعي	لا يوجد بحث مدمج	البحث عن الاستشهادات باستخدام DOI	لا يوجد بحث مدمج	لا	لا يوجد بحث مدمج	عبر الذكاء الاصطناعي أو الإضافات	بحث في أكثر من 250 مليون مقالة	يعثر Writefull Cite على الاستشهادات الناقصة	لا
	وكلاء بحث مستقلون	قريبًا. يبحث الوكلاء في المؤلفات ويتحققون من الاستشهادات ويُعدّون المسودة ثم يسلّمونك الفروق	غير موثّق	غير موثّق	لا	غير موثّق	لا	لا	لا	عبر إضافات الذكاء الاصطناعي	لا	لا	لا
	استيراد مكتبة المراجع	BibTeX وRIS وEndNote وZotero مع إزالة التكرارات قبل الاستيراد	مزامنة Zotero	عمليات تكامل للمراجع ضمن الخطط المدفوعة	مزامنة Zotero وMendeley ضمن Pro	Zotero وMendeley وEndNote	ملفات BibTeX	يعمل مع ملفات BibTeX	ملفات BibTeX	عبر الإضافات	مولّد استشهادات	لا يوجد استيراد للمكتبات	لا
	MCP لوكلاء الذكاء الاصطناعي الخارجيين	خادم MCP مدمج لـ Claude Code وCursor ووكلاء آخرين	لا	لا	لا	لا	لا	لا	لا	نعم	لا	لا	لا
	التدقيق الإملائي والنحوي	تدقيق إملائي ونحوي خاص يعمل دون اتصال، مع فحوص نثر تراعي LaTeX	تدقيق بالذكاء الاصطناعي	تدقيق إملائي مدمج مع ملاحظات ذكاء اصطناعي مخصصة للأبحاث	غير موثّق	غير موثّق	Hunspell وAspell وقاموس مرادفات	فحوص إملائية ونحوية تفاعلية	تدقيق إملائي	عبر الإضافات أو الذكاء الاصطناعي	قواعد وأسلوب أكاديميان	ملاحظات على اللغة الأكاديمية	تختلف الفحوص الأساسية
	أدوات مرئية وأدوات ذكاء اصطناعي للرسوم التخطيطية	لوحة مرئية مع إنشاء TikZ بالذكاء الاصطناعي وفحص النتيجة المنسّقة	تحويل الصور والصوت إلى شيفرة	TikZ يدوي وأدوات ذكاء اصطناعي	حزم Typst وأدوات الرسم الأصلية	مخططات وأشكال تفاعلية	جداول مرئية وأدوات للصور	TikZ يدوي مع أدوات مساعدة في المحرر	TikZ يدوي	يدوي أو عبر الإضافات	لا	جداول ومعادلات وأشكال بالذكاء الاصطناعي	لا
الجودة والتقديم	فحوص ما قبل التقديم	فحوص التجميع وجهة النشر وATS وإمكانية الوصول والمراجع والخصوصية	مراجعة بالذكاء الاصطناعي من دون حزمة أدوات للتقديم	فحوص التجميع	أخطاء المجمّع وأدوات Assists	أدوات الامتثال لـ SCMS	سجلات المجمّع وChkTeX اختياري	الأخطاء والتحذيرات	أخطاء واضحة من المجمّع	تحليل ساكن عبر الإضافات	أكثر من 30 فحصًا للتقديم	مراجعة جودة اللغة	فحوص السيرة الذاتية فقط
	فحوص السيرة الذاتية لأنظمة ATS	فحوص ATS مقيّمة مع معاينة للنص المستخرج	لا	لا	لا	لا	لا	لا	لا	لا يوجد فحص مدمج	لا	لا	يختلف، وغالبًا ما تكون آلية التقييم غير واضحة
	فحوص إمكانية الوصول قبل التقديم	فحوص إمكانية الوصول مع التحضير للتصدير الموسوم	لا	لا	غير موثّق	نشر منظّم على الويب	مستندات منظّمة، من دون فحوص مسبقة	لا	غير موثّق	لا يوجد فحص مدمج	لا	لا	يختلف

الخصوصية بالتحديد

المحلية بشكل افتراضي. الشبكة حسب الاختيار.

لا توجد وعود غامضة: هذا هو بالضبط ما يبقى على جهازك وبالضبط عندما يلمس Oleafly الشبكة. لا يوجد حساب، ولا قياس عن بعد، وتقارير الأعطال مفتوحة للمراجعة قبل إرسال أي شيء. خصوصية.

دائما المحلية

الكتابة والتحرير وملفات المشروع الخاص بك
التجميع مع الحزم المخزنة مؤقتًا (السفينة Tectonic & Typst في التطبيق)
تاريخ جيت، والاختلافات، والاستعادة

الشبكة، فقط عندما تتصرف

يتلقى موفرو الذكاء الاصطناعي المستضافون السياق الذي ترسله إليهم
يقوم GitHub بالنشر والدفع والسحب
البحث عن الاقتباسات (DOI وarXiv وCrossref) وموصلات البحث (OpenAlex وalphaXiv)

فلسفة

يجب أن تستمر المستندات بعد انتهاء الخدمات.

Yourthesisshouldn'tneedfivesubscriptions.YourAIshouldn'tguessateditsitneverchecked.Yourreferencesshouldn'ttakeanafternoon.YourfirstPDFshouldn'twaitinabuildqueue.Yourtoolsshouldn'tcostmorethanyourresearch.Onefreeapp.Allofit.

The Oleafly Club: an illustrated celebration of researchers at work, complete with a robot dog, math jokes, and a thesis crown

مفتوح المصدر، ومصمم بجدية

مشروع مستقل مع الانضباط الإنتاجي.

تم إنشاء Oleafly بشكل مفتوح بواسطة مشرف مستقل، ويتم التعامل مع الأجزاء غير الجذابة كميزات منتج أيضًا: إلغاء التجميع، وسلامة المسار، وسباقات النتائج القديمة، واسترداد Git، والرجوع إلى PDF، والاختبارات عبر الأنظمة الأساسية على أنظمة التشغيل macOS وWindows وLinux.

AGPL-3.0 مرخص. اقرأ المصدر، أو أرسل مشكلة، أو أرسل تقريرًا عامًا GitHub.

FAQ

What to know before you switch.

What is Oleafly?

Oleafly is a local-first workspace for writing and shipping research. Draft in LaTeX, Typst, or Markdown, compile with bundled engines, proofread spelling and grammar locally, preview PDFs, manage citations, review AI edits, track versions in Git, and check resumes for ATS readability without moving between apps.

Is it really free?

Yes. Oleafly is free and open source. The desktop app does not add a subscription. If you connect a paid AI provider, that provider may charge for usage. Local models through Ollama do not require a paid API.

Which AI models does it work with?

Oleafly is model-agnostic. Use models from hosted providers, run local models through Ollama, or connect a custom OpenAI-compatible endpoint. You choose the model and supply credentials only when the provider requires them.

Do I need an account?

No. The desktop app has no Oleafly account or login. Your projects stay in ordinary local folders. Connected AI and Git hosting services may require their own credentials.

Which tools can it replace?

For many workflows, Oleafly can replace separate writing, proofreading, compilation, citation, PDF, resume, AI, and Git clients. It still works with ordinary files and GitHub, so you can adopt it without locking your work into a proprietary format.

Can I import an existing paper or resume?

Yes. Open an existing folder or import a ZIP, including exports from online LaTeX editors. Oleafly detects the main document. It can convert text-based PDFs to LaTeX locally, route DOCX through Pandoc, and use a vision model to transcribe scans or photos.

Is the PDF output ATS-friendly?

ATS readiness depends on the template and content, so Oleafly does not promise a score. Its resume templates use selectable Unicode text, embedded fonts, single-column layouts, and linear reading order. Preflight shows what a parser actually extracts before you send the PDF.

What about collaboration and sync?

Today, collaboration uses Git. Publish to GitHub, then push and pull from inside Oleafly. Real-time co-editing, comments, and managed sync are planned, but they are not in the app yet.

التهجئة والنحو دون اتصال

يعمل Hunspell وHarper كـ WASM على جهازك، حيث يقومان بإخفاء الأوامر والرياضيات بحيث يتم التحقق من النثر فقط.

تحميل

حر. مفتوح المصدر. لك.

احصل على أداة التثبيت المعدة مسبقًا من أحدث إصدار، أو بناء من المصدر. لا يوجد حساب، لا القياس عن بعد.

macOS Windows Linux

لم يتم توقيع الإصدارات بالرمز بعد، لذلك يحذر نظام التشغيل لديك عند التشغيل لأول مرة. يتمتع دليل التثبيت بإمكانية فتح القفل لمرة واحدة.

يكتب (()=>{var e=async t=>{await(await t())()};(self.Astro||(self.Astro={})).load=e;window.dispatchEvent(new Event("astro:load"));})();أوراق بحثيةيستأنفالأطروحاتمقترحات المنحأوراق بحثيةمثلك تكتب التعليمات البرمجية.

أوراق بحثية

كل شئ آخر تتوقعه. على جهازك.

استيراد ما لديك

تصدير إلى أين أنت ذاهب

اجعلها لك

الكتابة في التعليمات البرمجية أو البصرية

SyncTeX، على مستوى الكلمة

ذكاء الكود

أوامر القطع

اقتباسات من DOI

أحضر مكتبتك بأكملها

لوحة الأوامر

أحضر الذكاء الاصطناعي الخاص بك

البحث على الصنبور

التهجئة والنحو دون اتصال

وكيل يتذكر

من صفحة واحدة إلى ستمائة

عارض PDF للقراءة الحقيقية

مؤلف المخطط

ثلاثة محركات، ومساحة عمل واحدة

The LaTeX editor

The AI assistant

The reference manager

The resume builder

The version control

The PDF toolkit

البحث والكتابة والتحقق والنشر.

بحث

يكتب

يؤكد

نشر

مساحة العمل البحثية الوحيدة المصممة لتحل محل سائر الأدوات.

المحلية بشكل افتراضي. الشبكة حسب الاختيار.

دائما المحلية

الشبكة، فقط عندما تتصرف

يجب أن تستمر المستندات بعد انتهاء الخدمات.يجب أن تستمر المستندات بعد انتهاء الخدمات.

مشروع مستقل مع الانضباط الإنتاجي.

What to know before you switch.

حر. مفتوح المصدر. لك.

يكتب
أوراق بحثية
مثلك تكتب التعليمات البرمجية.

يجب أن تستمر المستندات بعد انتهاء الخدمات.